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53rd Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy (ICAAC 2013)

September 10-13, 2013, Denver

CROI 2009: ESPRIT and SILCAAT Studies Find No Long-term Benefits of IL-2

Effective antiretroviral therapy (ART) that suppress HIV replication typically leads to increased CD4 cell counts, and ample data clearly shows that it reduces the risk of AIDS-related illness and death. Some individuals on do not experience adequate CD4 T-cell recovery, however, and researchers have therefore explored other potential methods of restoring immune function. 

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CROI 2009: Cancer Incidence in Clinical Trials of Raltegravir (Isentress)

The first-in-class HIV integrase inhibitor, raltegravir (Isentress), was approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration in October 2007. During the drug's development, some clinical trials suggested that participants taking raltegravir had a higher rate of malignancies, though this was not confirmed in later studies.

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CROI 2009: Treatment Intensification with Raltegravir (Isentress) Does Not Eradicate Residual HIV

Effective combination antiretroviral therapy can reduce HIV viral load to an undetectable level in the blood using standard tests, but it does not completely eradicate the virus from the body. As Robert Siliciano of Johns Hopkins School of Medicine discussed in a plenary address at the 16th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections (CROI 2009) last month in Montreal, experts have long debated whether residual HIV is the result of continuing low-level viral replication or release of virus from stable reservoir sites.

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CROI 2009: Large Meta-analysis Indicates Antiretroviral Therapy Works as Well for Women as for Men

Since the early years of the AIDS epidemic, researchers and advocates have debated whether HIV positive women benefit as much as men from antiretroviral therapy. Some studies in the early HAART era suggested that women did not fare as well, but many believe this was a reflection of poorer access to care, differences in socioeconomic status, or other factors.

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CROI 2009: Pre-exposure Prophylaxis Using Oral or Vaginal Tenofovir plus Emtricitabine Protects Monkeys from SIV Infection

Two studies presented at the 16th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections (CROI 2009) this week in Montreal showed that pre-exposure prophylaxis using tenofovir plus emtricitabine -- the 2 drugs in the Truvada fixed-dose combination pill -- protected monkeys from infection with a virus related to HIV. Researchers from the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) demonstrated that these drugs were highly effective in preventing simian immunodeficiency virus infection when administered either orally or in a vaginal microbicide gel.

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